| |
-
- Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable
cause of premature death in the United Stated [1]. About 418,000 Americans
died from cigarette smoking in 1990. In fact, one in every five deaths
in the United States is smoking-related [1]. Every year smoking kills more
than 276,000 men and 142,000 women [1].
-
- About 10 million people in the United States
have died from causes attributed to smoking (including heart disease, emphysema,
and other respiratory diseases) since the first Surgeon General's report
on smoking and health in 1964 -- 2 million of these deaths were the result
of lung cancer along [2].
-
- Between 1960 and 1990, deaths from lung cancer
among women have increased by more than 400 percent -- exceeding breast
cancer deaths in the mid-1980s [3]. The American Cancer Society estimated
that in 1994, 59,000 women died of lung cancer and 46,000 died from breast
cancer [4].
-
- Men who smoke increase their risk of death from
lung cancer by more than 22 times and from bronchitis and emphysema by
nearly 10 times. Women who smoke increase their risk of dying from lung
cancer by about 12 times and the risk of dying from bronchitis and emphysema
by more than 10 times. Smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease
among middle-aged men and woman [1].
-
- Every year in the United States, premature deaths
from smoking rob more than five million yeas from the potential lifespan
of those who have died [1].
-
- On average, smokers die nearly seven years earlier
than nonsmokers [2].
-
- Annually, exposure to secondhand smoke (or environmental
tobacco smoke) causes an estimated 3,000 deaths from lung cancer among
American adults [5]. Scientific studies also link secondhand smoke with
heart disease.
-
- Cigarette Smoking Deaths, 1990 [1]
| DISEASE |
MEN |
WOMEN |
OVERALL |
| CANCERS |
|
|
|
| Lung |
81,179 |
35,741 |
116,920 |
| Lung from ETS |
1,055 |
1,945 |
3,000 |
| Other |
21,659 |
9,743 |
31,402 |
| TOTAL |
103,893 |
47,429 |
151,322 |
| CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES |
| Hypertension |
3,299 |
2,151 |
5,450 |
| Heart disease |
88,644 |
45,591 |
134,235 |
| Stroke |
14,978 |
8,303 |
23,281 |
| Other |
11,682 |
5,172 |
16,854 |
| TOTAL |
118,603 |
61,117 |
179,820 |
| RESPIRATORY DISEASES |
| Pneumonia |
11,292 |
7,881 |
19,173 |
| Bronchitis/Emphysema |
9,324 |
5,541 |
14,865 |
| Chronic Airway Obstruction |
30,385 |
18,579 |
48,982 |
| Other |
787 |
668 |
1,455 |
| TOTAL |
51,788 |
32,689 |
84,475 |
| Among Infants |
1,006 |
705 |
1,711 |
| Burn deaths |
863 |
499 |
1,362 |
| ALL CAUSES |
276,153 |
142,537 |
418,690 |
| |
|
|
|
-
- REFERENCES:
- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-Attributable
Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost -- United States, 1990. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report 1993: 42(33):645-648.
-
- 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Office on Smoking and
Health, unpublished data, 1994.
-
- 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality Trends for
Selected Smoking-Related and Breast Cancer -- United States, 1950-1990.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1993: 42(33):857, 863-866.
-
- 4. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures -- 1994.
Atlanta, Georgia; American Cancer Society, 1994.
-
- 5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Respiratory Health Effects
of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/6-90/006F, December
1992.
|
|